リナックスコマンド

cronのヘルプ・マニュアル

日本語 英語

• help
• man

cron --help

man cron

CRON(8) CRON(8) 名前 cron - 予定されたコマンドを実行するデーモン(Vixie Cron) 書式 cron 説明 cron は /etc/rc または /etc/rc.local から起動されるべきである。すぐに( シェルに)戻るので、’&’ を付けて起動する必要はない。 cron は /etc/passwd にあるアカウントをファイル名に持つ crontab ファイル を /var/cron/tabs から探し、見つけた crontab ファイルをメモリに読み込む 。また cron は /etc/crontab も見る (このファイルのフォーマットは少々 異 なっている: crontab(5) を参照)。 cron は 1 分ごとに起きて、読み込まれた crontab ファイルを評価し、それぞれのコマンドを今起動すべきかどうかチ ェ ックする。コマンドを実行すると、全ての出力を crontab ファイルの所有者に メールする (または MAILTO 環境変数が crontab ファイルにあれば、そこで指 定されたユーザーに送る)。 さ らに cron は 1 分ごとにスプールディレクトリ(または /etc/crontab ファ イル)の最終修正時刻(modtime)をチェックし、もし変更されていれば、すべ て の crontab ファイルの最終修正時刻をチェックし、変更された crontab ファ イルを読み直す。よって crontab ファイルを修正するたびに cron を再起動す る 必要はない。 crontab(1) コマンドは、crontab ファイルが変更されたかど うかにかかわらず、スプールディレクトリの最終修正時刻を更新することに 注 意せよ。 関連項目 crontab(1), crontab(5) 著者 Paul Vixie 4th Berkeley Distribution 20 December 1993 CRON(8)

CRON(8) Cronie Users’ Manual CRON(8) NAME cron - daemon to execute scheduled commands SYNOPSIS cron [-n | -p | -s | -m] cron -x [ext,sch,proc,pars,load,misc,test,bit] DESCRIPTION Cron should be started from /etc/rc.d/init.d or /etc/init.d Cron searches /var/spool/cron for crontab files which are named after accounts in /etc/passwd; The founded crontabs are loaded into memory. Cron also searches for /etc/anacrontab and the files in the /etc/cron.d directory, which are in a different format (see crontab(5) ). Cron examines all stored crontabs, checking each command to see if it should be run in the current minute. When executing commands, any output is mailed to the owner of the crontab (or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable in the crontab, if such exists). Job output can also be sent to syslog by using the -s option. There are two ways, how the changes are checked in crontables. The first is checking the modtime of file and the other is using inotify support. You can find out which of them are you using, if you check /var/log/cron where is (or isn’t) inotify mentioned after start of dae- mon. The inotify support is watching for changes in all crontables and touch the disk only in case that something was changed. In other case cron checks each minute to see if its crontables modtime have changes and reload those which have changes. There is no need to restart cron after some of the crontable is modified. The modtime option is used also when inotify couldn’t be initialized. Cron is checking those files or directories: /etc/anacrontab system crontab is usually for running daily, weekly, monthly jobs. /etc/cron.d/ where are system cronjobs stored for different users. /var/spool/cron that’s mean spool directory for user crontables. Note that the crontab(1) command updates the modtime of the spool directory whenever it changes a crontab. Daylight Saving Time and other time changes Local time changes of less than three hours, such as those caused by the start or end of Daylight Saving Time, are handled specially. This only applies to jobs that run at a specific time and jobs that are run with a granularity greater than one hour. Jobs that run more fre- quently are scheduled normally. If time has moved forward, those jobs that would have run in the inter- val that has been skipped will be run immediately. Conversely, if time has moved backward, care is taken to avoid running jobs twice. Time changes of more than 3 hours are considered to be corrections to the clock or timezone, and the new time is used immediately. It’s possible to use different time zones for cron tables. More could be found in crontab(5). PAM Access Control On Red Hat systems, crond now supports access control with PAM - see pam(8). A PAM configuration file for crond is installed in /etc/pam.d/crond. crond loads the PAM environment from the pam_env module, but these can be overriden by settings in the appropriate crontab file. OPTIONS As a special case, the string off will disable sending mail. -s This option will direct cron to send job output to the system log using syslog(3). This is useful if your system has no send- mail(8), or if mail is disabled using -m off. -m This option allows you to specify a shell command string to use for sending cron mail output instead of sendmail(8). This com- mand must accept a fully formatted mail message (with headers) on stdin and send it as a mail message to the recipients speci- fied in the mail headers. -n This option changes default behavior causing it to run crond in the foreground. This can be useful when starting it out of init. -p Cron permit any crontab, which user set. -x With this option is possible to set debug flags. -P Don’t set PATH. PATH is instead inherited from the environment. SIGNALS On receipt of a SIGHUP, the cron daemon will close and reopen its log file. This is useful in scripts which rotate and age log files. Natu- rally this is not relevant if cron was built to use syslog(3). CAVEATS The crontab files have to be regular files or symlinks to regular files, they must not be executable or writable by anyone else than the owner. This requirement can be overridden by using the -p option on the crond command line. If inotify support is in use, changes in the symlinked crontabs are not automatically noticed by the cron daemon. The cron daemon must receive a SIGHUP to reload the crontabs. This is a limitation of inotify API. SEE ALSO crontab(1), crontab(5), inotify(7), pam(8) AUTHOR Paul Vixie Marcela Mašláňová Marcela Mašláňová December 2009 CRON(8)