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nm --help

Usage: nm [option(s)] [file(s)] List symbols in [file(s)] (a.out by default). The options are: -a, --debug-syms Display debugger-only symbols -A, --print-file-name Print name of the input file before every symbol -B Same as --format=bsd -C, --demangle[=STYLE] Decode low-level symbol names into user-level names The STYLE, if specified, can be `auto' (the default), `gnu', `lucid', `arm', `hp', `edg', `gnu-v3', `java' or `gnat' --no-demangle Do not demangle low-level symbol names -D, --dynamic Display dynamic symbols instead of normal symbols --defined-only Display only defined symbols -e (ignored) -f, --format=FORMAT Use the output format FORMAT. FORMAT can be `bsd', `sysv' or `posix'. The default is `bsd' -g, --extern-only Display only external symbols -l, --line-numbers Use debugging information to find a filename and line number for each symbol -n, --numeric-sort Sort symbols numerically by address -o Same as -A -p, --no-sort Do not sort the symbols -P, --portability Same as --format=posix -r, --reverse-sort Reverse the sense of the sort -S, --print-size Print size of defined symbols -s, --print-armap Include index for symbols from archive members --size-sort Sort symbols by size --special-syms Include special symbols in the output --synthetic Display synthetic symbols as well -t, --radix=RADIX Use RADIX for printing symbol values --target=BFDNAME Specify the target object format as BFDNAME -u, --undefined-only Display only undefined symbols -X 32_64 (ignored) @FILE Read options from FILE -h, --help Display this information -V, --version Display this program's version number nm: supported targets: elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux pei-i386 pei-x86-64 elf64-l1om elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex Report bugs to .

Usage: nm [option(s)] [file(s)] List symbols in [file(s)] (a.out by default). The options are: -a, --debug-syms Display debugger-only symbols -A, --print-file-name Print name of the input file before every symbol -B Same as --format=bsd -C, --demangle[=STYLE] Decode low-level symbol names into user-level names The STYLE, if specified, can be `auto' (the default), `gnu', `lucid', `arm', `hp', `edg', `gnu-v3', `java' or `gnat' --no-demangle Do not demangle low-level symbol names -D, --dynamic Display dynamic symbols instead of normal symbols --defined-only Display only defined symbols -e (ignored) -f, --format=FORMAT Use the output format FORMAT. FORMAT can be `bsd', `sysv' or `posix'. The default is `bsd' -g, --extern-only Display only external symbols -l, --line-numbers Use debugging information to find a filename and line number for each symbol -n, --numeric-sort Sort symbols numerically by address -o Same as -A -p, --no-sort Do not sort the symbols -P, --portability Same as --format=posix -r, --reverse-sort Reverse the sense of the sort -S, --print-size Print size of defined symbols -s, --print-armap Include index for symbols from archive members --size-sort Sort symbols by size --special-syms Include special symbols in the output --synthetic Display synthetic symbols as well -t, --radix=RADIX Use RADIX for printing symbol values --target=BFDNAME Specify the target object format as BFDNAME -u, --undefined-only Display only undefined symbols -X 32_64 (ignored) @FILE Read options from FILE -h, --help Display this information -V, --version Display this program's version number nm: supported targets: elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 a.out-i386-linux pei-i386 pei-x86-64 elf64-l1om elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex Report bugs to .

man nm

nm(1) GNU Development Tools nm(1) 名前 nm - オブジェクトファイルのシンボルをリストする 書式 nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only] [-B] [-C|--demangle] [-D|--dynamic] [-s|--print-armap] [-o|--print-file-name] [-n|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort] [-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only] [-l|--line-numbers] [--help] [--version] [-t radix|--radix=radix] [-P|--portability] [-f format|--format=format] [--target=bfdname] [objfile...] 説明 GNU nm はオブジェクトファイル objfile からシンボルを抽出して表示する 。 引数にオブジェクトファイルが与えられなかった場合は、 a.out ファイルに対 して動作する。 オプション オプションには長い形式と短い形式がある。並べて書いてある場合は、それ ら が等価なオプションであることを意味する。 -A -o --print-file-name それぞれのシンボルの前に、そのシンボルが含まれていた入力ファイル の名前を配置する。通常は入力ファイルは一度だけ表示し、その後にそ のファイルに含まれているシンボルの一覧が続く。 -a --debug-syms デバッガ専用のシンボルも表示する。これらは通常はリストされない。 -B --format=bsd と同じ (MIPS の nm との互換性のために用意された)。 -C --demangle 低位レベルのシンボル名をユーザーレベルの名前にデコー ド (deman- gle) する。システムによって追加された、先頭部のアンダースコアを 全て削除するほか、 C++ の関数名を可読にする。 -D --dynamic 通常のシンボルではなく動的 (dynamic) なシンボルを表示する。こ れ はある種の共有ライブラリなど、動的なオブジェクトに対してのみ意味 を持つ。 -f format 出力フォーマットに format を用いる。 format に は ‘‘bsd’’ 、 ‘‘sysv’’ 、 ‘‘posix’’ のいずれかを指定する。デフォルトは ‘‘bsd’’ である。 format で認識されるのは最初の一文字だけである。大文字小 文字は関係ない。 -g --extern-only 外部シンボル (external symbol) のみを表示する。 -n -v --numeric-sort シンボルをアドレスの数値によってソートする。通常は名前のアルファ ベット順にソートされる。 -p --no-sort シンボルをまったくソートしない。単純に現われた順に表示する。 -P --portability 出力フォーマットに、デフォルトのものではなく POSIX.2 標準のも の を用いる。 ‘‘-f posix’’ と等価。 -s --print-armap 書庫のメンバーからシンボルをリストするとき、インデックスをインク ルードする。インデックスとは ar または ranlib によって書庫に追加 されるもので、その書庫にあるどのファイルにどんな名前定義が含まれ ているかをマップする。 -r --reverse-sort ソート順を逆にする (数値の場合でもアルファベット順の場合でも) 。 最後のものが最初に来ることになる。 --size-sort シンボルをサイズの順にソートする。サイズはシンボルの値を、次に現 われるシンボルの値から引いた物である。シンボルの値ではなく、サイ ズが表示される。 -t radix --radix=radix radix をシンボルの値を表示するときの基数にする。 10 進数の場合は ‘‘d’’、 8 進数には ‘‘o’’、 16 進数には ‘‘x’’ を指定する。 --target=bfdname オブジェクトコードのフォーマットを指定する。通常はシステムのデフ ォルトであるフォーマットが用いられる。指定できるフォーマットに関 する情報を得るための手法については objdump(1) を見よ。 -u --undefined-only 未定義なシンボル (それぞれのオブジェクトファイルの外部にあ る も の) のみを表示する。 -l --line-numbers それぞれのシンボルに対して、デバッグ情報を用いてファイル名と行番 号を見つけようとする。定義されているシンボルに対しては、シンボル のアドレスの行番号を探す。未定義なシンボルに対しては、シンボルを 参照しているリロケーションエントリの行番号を探す。行番号の情報を 見つけることができたら、他のシンボルの情報に続いてそれを表示する 。 -V --version nm のバージョン番号を表示して終了する。 --help nm のオプション一覧を表示して終了する。 関連項目 info の ‘ binutils ’ エントリ、 The GNU Binary Utilities, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991)、 ar(1)、 objdump(1) ranlib(1) 著作権 Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the en- tire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permis- sion notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manu- al into another language, under the above conditions for modified ver- sions, except that this permission notice may be included in transla- tions approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the origi- nal English. cygnus support 5 November 1991 nm(1)

NM(1) GNU Development Tools NM(1) NAME nm - list symbols from object files SYNOPSIS nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only][--plugin name] [-B] [-C|--demangle[=style]] [-D|--dynamic] [-S|--print-size] [-s|--print-armap] [-A|-o|--print-file-name][--special-syms] [-n|-v|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort] [-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only] [-t radix|--radix=radix] [-P|--portability] [--target=bfdname] [-fformat|--format=format] [--defined-only] [-l|--line-numbers] [--no-demangle] [-V|--version] [-X 32_64] [--help] [objfile...] DESCRIPTION GNU nm lists the symbols from object files objfile.... If no object files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the file a.out. For each symbol, nm shows: · The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or hexadecimal by default. · The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external). "A" The symbol’s value is absolute, and will not be changed by further linking. "B" "b" The symbol is in the uninitialized data section (known as BSS). "C" The symbol is common. Common symbols are uninitialized data. When linking, multiple common symbols may appear with the same name. If the symbol is defined anywhere, the common symbols are treated as undefined references. "D" "d" The symbol is in the initialized data section. "G" "g" The symbol is in an initialized data section for small objects. Some object file formats permit more efficient access to small data objects, such as a global int variable as opposed to a large global array. "i" For PE format files this indicates that the symbol is in a section specific to the implementation of DLLs. For ELF format files this indicates that the symbol is an indirect function. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol types. It indicates a symbol which if referenced by a relocation does not evaluate to its address, but instead must be invoked at runtime. The runtime execution will then return the value to be used in the relocation. "N" The symbol is a debugging symbol. "p" The symbols is in a stack unwind section. "R" "r" The symbol is in a read only data section. "S" "s" The symbol is in an uninitialized data section for small objects. "T" "t" The symbol is in the text (code) section. "U" The symbol is undefined. "u" The symbol is a unique global symbol. This is a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process there is just one symbol with this name and type in use. "V" "v" The symbol is a weak object. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the weak symbol becomes zero with no error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified. "W" "w" The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been specifically tagged as a weak object symbol. When a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of the symbol is determined in a system-specific manner without error. On some systems, uppercase indicates that a default value has been specified. "-" The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object file. In this case, the next values printed are the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold debugging information. "?" The symbol type is unknown, or object file format specific. · The symbol name. OPTIONS The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are equivalent. -A -o --print-file-name Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive member) in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only, before all of its symbols. -a --debug-syms Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed. -B The same as --format=bsd (for compatibility with the MIPS nm). -C --demangle[=style] Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-level names. Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. --no-demangle Do not demangle low-level symbol names. This is the default. -D --dynamic Display the dynamic symbols rather than the normal symbols. This is only meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared libraries. -f format --format=format Use the output format format, which can be "bsd", "sysv", or "posix". The default is "bsd". Only the first character of format is significant; it can be either upper or lower case. -g --extern-only Display only external symbols. --plugin name Load the plugin called name to add support for extra target types. This option is only available if the toolchain has been built with plugin support enabled. -l --line-numbers For each symbol, use debugging information to try to find a filename and line number. For a defined symbol, look for the line number of the address of the symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line number of a relocation entry which refers to the symbol. If line number information can be found, print it after the other symbol information. -n -v --numeric-sort Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically by their names. -p --no-sort Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order encountered. -P --portability Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format. Equivalent to -f posix. -S --print-size Print both value and size of defined symbols for the "bsd" output style. This option has no effect for object formats that do not record symbol sizes, unless --size-sort is also used in which case a calculated size is displayed. -s --print-armap When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping (stored in the archive by ar or ranlib) of which modules contain definitions for which names. -r --reverse-sort Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the last come first. --size-sort Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the difference between the value of the symbol and the value of the symbol with the next higher value. If the "bsd" output format is used the size of the symbol is printed, rather than the value, and -S must be used in order both size and value to be printed. --special-syms Display symbols which have a target-specific special meaning. These symbols are usually used by the target for some special processing and are not normally helpful when included included in the normal symbol lists. For example for ARM targets this option would skip the mapping symbols used to mark transitions between ARM code, THUMB code and data. -t radix --radix=radix Use radix as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be d for decimal, o for octal, or x for hexadecimal. --target=bfdname Specify an object code format other than your system’s default format. -u --undefined-only Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file). --defined-only Display only defined symbols for each object file. -V --version Show the version number of nm and exit. -X This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX version of nm. It takes one parameter which must be the string 32_64. The default mode of AIX nm corresponds to -X 32, which is not supported by GNU nm. --help Show a summary of the options to nm and exit. @file Read command-line options from file. The options read are inserted in place of the original @file option. If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed. Options in file are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The file may itself contain additional @file options; any such options will be processed recursively. SEE ALSO ar(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), and the Info entries for binutils. COPYRIGHT Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". binutils-2.20.51.0.2 2019-02-26 NM(1)